Feminism in Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe Essay -- Femini

Feminism in Uncle Toms cabin While Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms cabin overtly deals with the wrongs of break ones backry from a Christian standpoint, there is a subtle yet strong emphasis on the moral and physical efficiency of wowork force. Eliza, Eva, aunty Chloe, and Mrs. Shelby all exhibit remarkable power and understanding of good over evil in ways that most of the male characters in Stowes novel. raze Mrs. St. Claire, who is ill throughout most of the book, proves later that she was always physically in control of her actions, however immoral they were. This emotional strength, when compared with the strength of the male characters, shows a whimsy in women as equals to men (if not more so) uncommon to 19th century literature. In 1848, the first ever Womens Rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, tender York. Though Stowe did not attend, m both of those who were strong in the emancipationist lawsuit, such as Fredrick Douglas and Amy Post, did. Thus a correlatio n was drawn between the abolitionist movement and womens rights. Both fights were about equality, so naturally those who were supportive of emancipation were supportive of gender equality as well. Uncle Toms Cabin not only follows the life of Uncle Tom, spanning from the sequence he is sold from his longtime master until Toms death, but also follows the life of Eliza, another slave who lives on the Shelby plantation with Tom as the novel begins. But unl... ...Topsy, but help her repent as well, for Topsy later says, I pull up stakes deliver, I will try I never did care nothin about it before (94). Uncle Toms Cabin contains almost as basic of a moral as any story could love has no physical barriers. The goal of Stowes novel is to show that in terms of race. But at the same time Stowe shows it in terms of gender as well. By making the female characters more morally righteous than the male characters and displaying the womens physical feats more overtly than the mens, Stowe enables the audience to see a side of women relatively unseen in 19th century American culture. Works Cited Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Toms Cabin. naked York Grosset & Dunlap, 1927 Feminism in Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe Essay -- FeminiFeminism in Uncle Toms Cabin While Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin overtly deals with the wrongs of slavery from a Christian standpoint, there is a subtle yet strong emphasis on the moral and physical strength of women. Eliza, Eva, Aunt Chloe, and Mrs. Shelby all exhibit remarkable power and understanding of good over evil in ways that most of the male characters in Stowes novel. Even Mrs. St. Claire, who is ill throughout most of the book, proves later that she was always physically in control of her actions, however immoral they were. This emotional strength, when compared with the strength of the male characters, shows a belief in women as equals to men (if not more so) uncommon to 19th century literature. In 18 48, the first ever Womens Rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York. Though Stowe did not attend, many of those who were strong in the abolitionist movement, such as Fredrick Douglas and Amy Post, did. Thus a correlation was drawn between the abolitionist movement and womens rights. Both fights were about equality, so naturally those who were supportive of emancipation were supportive of gender equality as well. Uncle Toms Cabin not only follows the life of Uncle Tom, spanning from the time he is sold from his longtime master until Toms death, but also follows the life of Eliza, another slave who lives on the Shelby plantation with Tom as the novel begins. But unl... ...Topsy, but help her repent as well, for Topsy later says, I will try, I will try I never did care nothin about it before (94). Uncle Toms Cabin contains almost as basic of a moral as any story could love has no physical barriers. The goal of Stowes novel is to show that in terms of race. But at the same t ime Stowe shows it in terms of gender as well. By making the female characters more morally righteous than the male characters and displaying the womens physical feats more overtly than the mens, Stowe enables the audience to see a side of women relatively unseen in 19th century American culture. Works Cited Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Toms Cabin. New York Grosset & Dunlap, 1927

Crying Souls in The Slave Dancer :: Slave Dancer Essays

Crying Souls in The Slave Dancer    It all began in the cold month of January, 1840, in a town familiar to humanityy New Orleans. Fog laid a heavy blanket on the streets and alleyways of the city. Rain steadily engulfed the seaside locality, and the sound of drunken riverboat men and the slaves celebrating their terrible festivities surrounded the area. New Orleans was the location where Jessie Bollier lived, and tis the place where he was captured on that dark January evening. Jessie then found himself on board The Moonlight, the slabber with its towering sails and masts, cabins and storage space under the deck. For these were places where Jessie had to dance the slaves and where the captain and crew would spend many weeks living in fear of the slaves, of each other, and of getting caught.   The apologue then briefly took the ships crew and captain to Whydah in the Bight of Benin, the rugged coasts of Africa, where the multitudes of slaves were captured and mis treated. They then made their way across the Atlantic once over again to land in the Gulf of Mexico. The Moonlight was anchored there and stayed because it was here where the ship submerged. Two passengers then washed up to the shores of Mississippi where Jessie and Ras meet Daniel, their concisely to be friend. Finally, the story concludes in the place it began...the clamoring streets of New Orleans. The Slave Dancer is written in first person point of view, through Jessies eyes, and projects a depressing, melancholy mood. It is the tragic song of the slaves. The hero of the story is the thirteen year old boy, Jessie Bollier. Hes a fearful runt, comments Captain Cawthorne. He is brought on board the slaver to make the slaves dance, to keep them healthy. Jessie innocent and does not fully understand his purpose. My life had turned upside down. My friend was a man who pressganged me. I disliked the man who befriended me. Jessie does not realize what is going on within him. He does not realize that these men, these women, and children are slaves...are owned. He does not perceive the cruel treatment of the slaves, further does not know why. Jessie himself puts it best, My stomach rebelled. The antagonist is surprisingly Jessie, but after the voyage. He went through many changes after the excursion. At first, I made a promise to myself I would do nothing that was connected with the use of slaves.

Daniel Quinn’s Ishmael - Paradigms of Yesterday Essay -- Quinn Ishmae

Ishmael Paradigms of Yesterday Come with me if you want to live, was totally that Arnold Schwarzenegger said in his movie exterminator 2 Judgement Day, and after reading Daniel Quinns masterpiece Ishmael, cardinal might well receive the impression Quinn echoes such sentiments. Few books have as a good deal relevancy in this technological, ever-changing world as Ishmael.In the beginning, according to Ishmael, God created Man to live peacefully on ground, sustained by the generative bounties of Earth and subject to Gods control. That is, until Man ate of the Tree of Good and Evil in the Garden Of Eden, and conveniently forgot all the rules God had so graciously hardened in front of him. From that point on, the Caucasian race, full of vanity and pride for having seen so clearly what was good on the Earth and what was not, decided to subjugate the Earth to its will. During this turn of events, totalitarian agriculture was born. And God just shook his head.Fortunately, there are c reatures on the Earth still willing to teach Man rough his roots, and at the same time save Man from his selfdestructive impulses. Enter Ishmael, a gorilla with a conscience. Yes, a gorilla. Caged and controlled by man, Ishmael developed a self-awareness of his bunk and of mans. Realizing that his destiny is intertwined with mans, he decides to save man from himself. Placing an ad in the papers, Ishmael finds a willing if disillusioned student, and presents a course of education guaranteed to save the world. Makes one wonder if the sign in Ishmaels office reads true, With gorilla gone, will man survive?The pupil finds that all he has learned about history is a lie, created by power hungry men two thousand years ago intent on ruling the w... ...If one does, one ends up fragmenting the stainless food chain. Ecologically speaking, the Taker way of life was doomed from the beginning.However, the reader experiences a sense of pleasure as Quinn points out that many of the primitive so cieties have a great deal of wisdom they can teach the world on how to live in a self-sustaining society. Of course, new ideas will mean that the paradigms of yesterday will have to be discarded. However, if innovative solutions to todays ecological problems can be found, and the wisdom of ages is preserved, man has a shot at not committing cultural suicide. In trying to control all other life on the planet man has overstepped his bounds. In the end, man must realize that he is interconnected to all other life on Earth. Just consider, for a moment, the reverse side of Ishmaels office sign. With man gone, will gorilla survive?

Child Development Essay -- Health, Childhood Obesity

There are multiple factors in a childs development. Parents welcome a responsibility, as well as a privilege, to contribute to every milestone. Most parents stress over physical and mental stages so much so that play-time is ignored. By making decisions that sacrifice play parents hinder their social development. Parents must take action and encourage their y bring outh to play more, before childhood is wooly-minded forever.Play-time is an essential part of early childhood development as well as their most primitive form of expression. In an article titled The wideness of Play by Bruno Bettelheim, he refers to Sigmund Freuds thoughts that play is a childs first step in attaining cultural and psychological achievements. (Bettelheim 324) The author similarly mentions Freuds notation of how children use play to express themselves. (Bettelheim 324) Play is vital for the maturation of toddlers emotional and mental health. Bettelheim, in his article, reflects on Frauds judgment of how children use play to work through and master quite complex psychological difficulties of the past and present. (Bettelheim 324) As a mother, I agree with this brain wave because I can witness the days events unfold through my sons eyes as he holds batman and robin figures.Todays culture views the media as a necessity. One class of media entertainment is television. Television is often exchanged for play among children. Marie Winn wrote The End of Play commenting on how children have replaced fancy and make-believe games for television. (Winn 76) A research study in USA Today showed results of a survey indicating 14% of parents said TV is always on.(Par 4) Their findings point out TV decreased plays intensity to given toy. (Par 3... ...thout recess, children are denied elements for social development. Physical education classes, or P.E., are the higher grades variance of recess. At this level, juveniles engage in a more structured program with specific objectives. In Education Digest, Ann Rosewater from Team Up for Youth reflects on how organise sports are a bridge to adult achievements. Her report on the impact of organized sports exclaims participation in physical activities have long term dictatorial effects. (Par 7) Details assert juveniles connect with positive peer groups and provide the have sex of failing yet trying again. (Par 8, 9) As parents we want our children to experience the joys of childhood. Ones child rearing choices are the most dominate factors in adolescents. Parents must control the outside influences interfering with their emotional and physical maturity.

Shakespeares Hamlet - Comparing Ophelia and Gertrude :: comparison compare contrast essays

juncture Ophelia and Gertrude Ophelia and Gertrude. Two different women who seem to be detain in thesame circumstances in relation to Hamlet. Gertrude, Hamlets mother and the Queen of Denmark. She is married tothe present King, Claudius, who is suspected by Hamlet to pick out killed his father, King Hamlet, who besides happens to be Claudiuss brother. Gerturde has somehowended up in the plot of King Hamlets death and in the eyes of her son, seems tobe a monster and an aide to an adulterating deed. Ophelia, the daughter of Polonius who is the Kings trusted councilorand is later killed in the play and he forbids his daughter to see Hamletbecause of the possibility that he beseech her name and her virginity. She trulyloves Hamlet and is devastated when he shuns her and pretends to be mad. Hamlets treatment towards these two women shapes and brings life totheir shares and eventually bring s an end to their characters as well. Gertrude is a kind and loving mother. The kind that guard s by and by her sonthrough thick and through thin and loves unconditionally. Hamlet had suspectedher of aiding in the killing of King Hamlet. That will be discussed later. Her character is the one character in the play that I believe does notdevelop but rather stays identical to the scene in which she is introduced(Act I,scene II). She is shown to be a quiet, stand by your man type individual whois easily influenced. This is my belief because in the second scene of the play, Hamlet isshown to be crushed by his mothers precipitant remarriage. If marriage within thefamily was common in the days of Shakespeare, then this is understandable, but,in any other case, this would be considered an act of betrayal that wasobviously brought on by some outside pressure, probably from Claudius. There is, however, a slight change in her personality that is not quitenoticeable. At the end of the play, the King and Laertes(Poloniuss son) formplotted to kill Hamlet for reasons that are irrelevant t o my point. One part ofthe plot was to have Hamlet drink out of a poisoned cup. It so happens that, insome confusion, the Queen ends up with the cup in her hand. Even after theKings warnings not to drink from the cup(she is unaware of the plot), she does.She does in complete defiance of her husbands wishes. I have interpreted thisin this way because of the line the Queen speaks before she drinks from the cup.

Shakespeares Hamlet - Comparing Ophelia and Gertrude :: comparison compare contrast essays

Hamlet Ophelia and Gertrude Ophelia and Gertrude. Two different women who seem to be trapped in the corresponding circumstances in relation to Hamlet. Gertrude, Hamlets mother and the queen of Denmark. She is married tothe present King, Claudius, who is suspected by Hamlet to have turn thumbs downed his father, King Hamlet, who also happens to be Claudiuss brother. Gerturde has somewayended up in the plot of King Hamlets death and in the eyes of her son, seems tobe a monster and an aide to an adulterating deed. Ophelia, the daughter of Polonius who is the Kings believe councilorand is later killed in the coquette and he forbids his daughter to see Hamletbecause of the possibility that he beseech her name and her virginity. She trulyloves Hamlet and is devastated when he shuns her and pretends to be mad. Hamlets treatment towards these two women shapes and brings life totheir characters and eventually bring s an end to their characters as well. Gertrude is a kind and loving mothe r. The kind that guards after her sonthrough and through thick and through thin and loves unconditionally. Hamlet had suspectedher of aiding in the killing of King Hamlet. That will be discussed later. Her character is the one character in the play that I believe does notdevelop but rather stays identical to the scene in which she is introduced(Act I,scene II). She is shown to be a quiet, stand by your man type individual whois easily influenced. This is my belief because in the second scene of the play, Hamlet isshown to be crushed by his mothers hasty remarriage. If marriage at bottom thefamily was common in the days of Shakespeare, then this is understandable, but,in any other case, this would be considered an act of betrayal that wasobviously brought on by some impertinent pressure, probably from Claudius. There is, however, a slight change in her personality that is not quitenoticeable. At the end of the play, the King and Laertes(Poloniuss son) haveplotted to kill Hamlet for reasons that are irrelevant to my point. One part ofthe plot was to have Hamlet drink out of a poisoned cup. It so happens that, insome confusion, the Queen ends up with the cup in her hand. Even after theKings warnings not to drink from the cup(she is unaware of the plot), she does.She does in complete defiance of her husbands wishes. I have interpreted thisin this way because of the line the Queen speaks before she drinks from the cup.

Economics- Assessment

Assessment (Demand and supply) Answer the following 1. Distinguish between a shift of the demand curve for a harvest-tide and a feces along the products demand curve (10 marks) 2. With reference to two different determinants of demand, explain why the demand curve for bicycles might increase. Use a diagram to reinforcing stimulus your answer (10 marks) 3. Distinguish between a shift of the supply curve for a product and a movement along the products supply curve (10 marks) 4.With reference to two different determinants of supply, explain why the supply of coffee beans might decrease. Use a diagram to support your answer (10 marks) Assessment advice * Answers tend to resemble each other structurally. * Each should start with a written explanation in which the key economics toll atomic number 18 defined. * This would usually be followed by a diagram to illustrate the theory, followed by a further explanation in which the diagram is explained in the mise en scene of the specific question. * Be sure to use arrows to show directions of change in the diagrams and refer to any changes in the variables.Assessment criteria (Each question carries 10 marks) Level Marks 0 The work does not reach a standard described by the descriptors below. 0 1 in that location is little understanding of the specific demands of the question. Relevant economic terms are not defined. There is very little knowledge of relevant economic theory. There are monumental errors. 13 2 There is some understanding of the specific demands of the question. Some relevant economic terms are defined. There is some knowledge of relevant economic theory. There are some errors. 6 3 There is understanding of the specific demands of the question. Relevant economic terms are defined. Relevant economic theory is explained and applied. Where appropriate, diagrams are included and applied. Where appropriate, examples are used. There are few errors. 78 4 There is clear understanding of the specific demands of the question. Relevant economic terms are clearly defined. Relevant economic theory is clearly explained and applied. Where appropriate, diagrams are included and applied effectively. Where appropriate, examples are used effectively. There are no significant errors. 910

Employed vs Self-Employed Essay

Many people deplete a variety of goals and personal preferences when it comes to employment. While round people enjoy less stress, which comes from being provided with an average hypothecate and being told what to do. Others would agree that self-employment is better. Being self- use is better than a nine to five job because it allows one to follow ones own schedule and enjoy being able to achieve his own goals.First, being self-employed allows people to have a wide window of flexibility. On the other hand, a normal nine to five job requires mployees to be at the office by a specific time and they can leave until they ar told to do so. There be very strict rules about the numbers of breaks employees may take and tiffin hours must be taken within a specific time frame. Employees are given a certain amount of sick days and vacation. Employees are given very little choices and must follow all of the rules. Violating rules may result in verbal warning or even termination of employm ent. However, those that are self-employed can make all of the decisions without risk of consequence.Being self-employed allows people to completely set heir own schedule and have retard of their own work life. Second, being self-employed allows people to focus on achieving their own goals. When one is not self-employed, he must follow and complete the undertaking given by his supervisor. If employees try to travel along their personal goals during working hours it will likely result in termination of their employment. Employers have very little affection for the goals of their employees their primary concern is their business.However, those that are self-employed are free to pursue whatever goal they want to achieve. If a specific task or rocess social disease not fit what they have in mind the self-employed can immediately adapt or change to something that is more appropriate for them. In conclusion, people have a wide variety of employment preferences while some people want the safely of a regular paycheck, others prefer the freedom to pursue their own goals. It is better to be self-employed because of the additional flexibility to pursue ones own goals no matter what they may be. Being self- employed also allows a person to pursue his dreams and goals rather then being stressed at work, working paycheck to paycheck working under someone.

Aquinas Epistemology and God Essay

IntroductionThe scientific developments of the renaissance were powerful and they stimulate new ways of design that one cig atomic number 18t be tempted to disregard any role medieval thinking plays in the general development of both renaissance and post renaissance ism up till today. It would be a mistake to take it that Descartes, Locke achieved a total radical break from the past and inaugurated a completely new philosophical era. 1 sewernot understand scholars like Descartes or Locke without having some real fellowship of medieval thinking.Thus, in this essay, I wish to show that Aquinas, a thinker of the middle ages, thought on admitledge is of permanent value and that it deserves respect and due musing for todays discourse of philosophy. Aquinas Theory on Knowledge His philosophy is based on the premise that knowledge and being are correlates. In so far a thing is, it is knowable and in this resides its ontological law. Thus, the Thomistic opening of knowledge is a r ealist theory. It plays an integral part in his metaphysics and philosophy of being.Aquinas is not interested in the problem of objective as we have it in modern thinking and today rather, he is much more interested in how we acquire our knowledge and put them to use. Simply put, he investigates the figure out of knowledge. He identified three levels of acquiring knowledge namely sense datum-experience, imaginations or ideations and nousion. Aquinas thus made an important contribution to epistemology, recognising the central part played by sense perception in human cognition. It is through the senses that we first become acquainted with existent, material things.Sense experience is contact with material things through the senses which supplies materials for the fundamental law of ideas in imagination upon which understanding climbs to contemplate. It is thus a misconception to suppose that the fundamental role of sense perception was a discovery of the classical British empirici st. It is a synthesis of Aquinas Aristotelian view of knowledge. As a matter of fact, Aquinas laid more stress on sense perception as the first and unique source of knowledge than the British empiricist because he identified sense perception as the initial source of knowledge than reflection and introspection.For a man perceives that he has a soul, and lives and exists by the fact that he perceives by the senses. This source of knowledge for Aquinas is responsible for his five ways that he uses to confirm divinity fudges existence from the material world. He did not accept Anselms ontological proof because, he argues that self evident truths, such as Gods existence in which its attributes belong necessarily to the subject , may not be fruits of experience but experience makes man to be conscious of them. That is another lawsuit where he differs from radical British empiricist.He argues based on his arguments for God that in as far as God is manifested in and through the beings of the sensible world, as the necessary source, the embodied human intellect is capable of proceeding beyond sense to know the source of a non-dependent, non-conditioned absolute being called God. He sees the intellect as capable of penetrating through the unanalysed superficiality of sensation. Agreeing with Aristotle, he admits that knowledge is obtained through two stages of operation, sensitive and intellective, which are intimately related to one another.The intellect does attain ideas from the material that is presented to it by the senses to extend beyond the world of the senses. The two cognitive faculties, the sense and intellect, are by nature capable of acquiring knowledge proper to them. Thus, for Aquinas, it is mans initiative to know through his makeup although such make up is sustained by God. This sustenance by God makes him to make the proper distinction between faith and reason out as sources of knowledge. Truths of faith are revealed truth such as trinity and tru ths of the scripture.But truths of reason must be perceived and abstracted upon. St. Thomas insistently repeats reason gathers truth on the ground of intrinsic evidence, turn faith accepts truths based on the authority of the word of God. Therefore, there are two types of wisdom namely philosophical highest activity of mans intellect and theological- super science or revealed truth. This distinction is essential to todays view or tension between science and religion. According to Paul Tillich, neither scientific nor historical truth can affirm or negate the truth of faith.The truth of faith can not negate nor affirm scientific or historical truth too. This is because, their objects are different. Truths of faith are revealed and not available to the senses while that of science is purely experiential based. Thus, they do not contradict each other. Nonetheless, both faith and reason can aid each other. According to Aquinas, faith can act as organ which helps reason to reach its fin al direction, the supreme truth which is God, because God is in the highest degree of immateriality, he occupies the highest place in knowledge.This led him to explain the value of knowledge and its truth, which is the ultimate goal of the intellect in perceiving and abstracting ideas. He noted that the intellect through a vigilant control of the senses can guarantee the formation of the sense representations. The intellect acquires truth when it gives value to the representations and ideas it forms in specter. For Aquinas all the data of sense knowledge and all intelligible things are essentially true. Truth consists in the equality of the intellect with its object, and such concordance is always found, both in sensitive cognition and in the idea. Error may exist in the sentiment, since it can happen that a predicate may be attributed to a subject to which it does not really belong. Besides the faculty of judgment, Aquinas also admits the faculty of straggly reasoning, which con sists in the derivation of the knowledge of particulars from the universal. Deductive, syllogistic demonstration must be carried out according to the logical relationships which exist between two judgments.In this process consists the science which the human intellect can construct by itself, without recourse either to innate ideas or to any particular illumination. This error free judgment for Aquinas, is proper to the being which is the supreme fundamental and greatest perfection permeating all things and giving them consistency and reality. Thus, each thing exists in its participation in Being. The true representation is received when the intellect gathers the Being of beings. Meanwhile, some truth can be received although not perfect, when the data is abstracted by the intellect.The quandary of knowledge search today is explained by Thomistic epistemology recourse to revealed truth. Thomas claimed that human reason is naturally led to knowledge from sense experience through pha ntasm to intellection- to knowing truth and know all truths, whether it is the material world, spiritual world, speculative, practical, political, moral or educational truth and so on But it meets with difficulties which include passions, sentiments, complexity of objects etc. This obstacle is more serious in terms of religious or moral truths because of their abstract nature.Nonetheless, reason has the ability to reach higher grounds to know God the supreme truth- his attributes, existence but these obstacles are removed by Gods assistance or intervention to furnish human reason with a clearer manifestation of his being. The ultimate threshold of knowledge alone can give light to the mind to reach him. Thus, he introduces faith in his epistemology though at the end. The ordinary organ of knowledge is reason enabled through immediate evidence of experience but faith comes in when there are obstacles to assist reason to reach quickly as possible its final threshold, supreme truth.F aith will tell us Christ is present when our human senses exit. Conclusion The limitation Aquinas placed on reason due to obstacles in which it needs to be helped by God makes the whole idea of his epistemology a movement to faith. It seems to many that Aquinas argues to God and not for truth in its own sake. Hegel for instance argues that he treated philosophy according to the categories of theology. Bertrand Russell. A Thomism which limits itself to the consideration of material substance as the start of all knowledge proves itself inadequate in age where everything seems beyond our sensual grasp.Again, Thomism didnt relinquish heritage of truth for the sake of new sides but a one way drive of reason Nonetheless, Aquinas epistemology is vital for us because it has consequences for philosophy generally especially in relation to theology. 2 . Aquinas copplestton 4 . Aquinas copleston 6 . Age of belif p 150 7 . Baptissta mondin p. 306 8 . Yeager Hudson p. 12 9 . P. 73 yeager hudson 11 . Benediction hymn composed by Aquinas for the feast of corpus Christi cf. 12 . Marin j. walsh.

Creativity art

The Creativity Spirit During my entire life history I encountered a creativity killer. The type of the killer that Eve encountered argon surveillance, evaluation, rewards, competition, and pressure. The reason why I encountered the type of killer of surveillance was because during in every classroom I had through my life from K-8, the teacher will perpetually watch my classroom work not letting me to take the risk of being creative in learning.Another type of killer Eve got through my life was evaluation because through-out my life Eve evermore had other people Judging on what I was doing, they wouldnt satisfy themselves of me being myself. The other killer that Eve encountered in my life is rewards because every time in my life when I tried to achieve a goal that I set my self I would always rewards myself with success. Competition Killer Eve also encountered through-out my life because since I have played soccer my entire life Eve always faced competition.Finally the proceed ty pe of killer that I faced in my life Is pressure cause since Im the oldest out of my brother and sister. Im trying to set an example for them so I feel like I have a lot of pressure because I feel like I need to establish grandiose medical prognosis for them. I feel that Creativity Killers do impact learning and creating in college student because I feel that they need to be free to learn and be creative to learn. Also adults enter ultimate state of creativity called flow in which whole absorption can provoke peak desire and creativity. I feel that Its a mixed Impact of positive and negative .

Ethics and Gender Roles

In order for a particular yield or service to be successful in the industry, it needs to be clearly stupefyed within its market. The positioning should reflect the needs of the customers as well as the position of the company in relation to competitors. Depending on the positioning, the moveing team can decide what attributes of the product to amplify in their campaigns and what steps will be ask to form the proper connections to the customer.Further more than, the position adopted by a firm also impacts brand equity, as in, the kinds of associations customers make to the product, their aim of loyalty, and brand aw arness. The main honorable issue in advertising is the depiction of men and women in their stereotypical gender-roles. Men are usually depicted as powerful, successful, driven and dignified. Women on the new(prenominal) hand are increasing beingness depicted as sexualized objects often dependent on men. One of the main ethical issues is that in many of the ads the women divine service mainly as a decoration i. . they energise no functional relationship to the product being advertised. For example, Axe is well known for its over sexualization of women in its ads to shit mens personal care products. Another trend seems to be the use of only parts of a womans organic structure in advertisements particularly a womans breasts and legs as stated by Jean Kilbourne in her movies Killing Us Softly. The implications of such practices are even greeter because of the number of ads that consumers are exposed to daily through television, newspapers, magazines and billboards.It is estimated that this number has grown from 500 ads daily in 1970 to 5000 ads a day in 2009 (Johnson, 2009). The messages imparted by ads, if they are repeated over long periods of time as in the case of gender roles in society, can distort perceptions of what is lifelike as well as what is right and wrong. Since women are repeatedly cast as submissive sexual objects whose place is primarily at home or in traditional occupations of nurses, teachers, secretaries the ads in a way are telling the society what to think.The primary critical players are the consumers who are being marketed to and the secondary players are the firms marketing the product. The consumers and the society at large are deeply affected by the ethical implications of ads mainly because of the values, beliefs, attitudes, propagated by them. Implicit in these values and beliefs is some level of standard setting. For example in many Vodka ads that primarily market to women, excessive drinking is glamorized and implied as a standard behavior wherein women alternate amidst good girl vs bad girl roles.If (and it often is) this message is subconsciously or consciously understood and adopted as a lifestyle, it can have far from positive manifestations such as a binge-drinking culture that is widespread among college students which leads to other consequences such as alcohol poisoning, accident s, and ill physical health of batch who try to simulate what they learn from ads, in real life. There is also a disturbing trend of ads romanticizing sexual assault and domestic violence to sell products (Capella, 2010). This can invariably lead to a spread in unhealthy social conditions.Marketing personnel are critical players because they formulate the ads. Some campaign creators do not agree that their actions may be unethical. In fact, they state that the ads reflect consumer behavior and expectations. It is also argued that there is generally positive reaction to beautiful males and females primed(p) in ads which not only increase the attractiveness of the product but also the chances of increased sales precisely because of the employment of the same techniques that are being called unethical (Reichert, T. LaTour, M. S. , Lambiase, J. I. , & Adkins, M. 2007).. The decision alternative is to essentially rethink the kinds of messages that the firm wants to put forward. It is no t unethical to use healthy and reasonably beautiful women and men in ads, rather, it is the solid vs derogatory manner in which they are shown that makes the ad questionable. Firms should avoid focusing on the sexually provocative body parts of women (and increasingly men) to sell an unrelated product.They should avoid glamorizing undesirable social behaviors such as promiscuousness of both sexes, over-drinking, drugs, or unhealthy lifestyles. In contrast to superficial ads, they should actively hear out methods to connect with consumers on a deeper level than physical attractiveness or sexual gratification. An excellent example of this is Doves efforts to touch on a more genuine vein. Furthermore, firms to focus on minimizing the use of decorative male/female i. e. here should be a connection between the product being advertised and the person advertising it. The implications for the critical players are hard to quantify. Women and men have been depicted in their expected roles e xhibiting their stereotypical traits for a in truth long time. One reason this has persisted, unfortunately, is that is a successful method. Everyone wants to beautiful, glamorous, and desired and the marketing industry has picked up these human traits to turn them into profits.Therefore, for the marketing firms, adopting an alternative strategy to draw as well as the unethical methods they have been using for so long will be very challenging. However, as Dove has proved, this is not unacceptable especially in the face of increasing concern over how men and women are depicted by the media. In the long run, a more wholesome strategy can lead to stronger brand equity through increased brand loyalty and positive brand associations. For the consumers, a more ethical and realistic representation of men and women will lead to positive impacts.People may stop exhibiting extreme behaviors to satisfy standards set by the marketing world and be more self-satisfied, have higher self-esteem a nd satisfaction with their identities. The objectification is not spread to children, particularly young girls, such as the Oh Lola perfume by Marc Jacobs. Not only does the archetype look like an underage girl (which is perhaps intended) but she is sitting suggestively(Exhibit One). Therefore, it becomes necessary to clearly define what is acceptable and what isnt. Work Cited Capella, M. L. , Hill, R. , Rapp, J. M. & Kees, J. (2010). The impact of violence against women in advertisements. Journal Of Advertising, 39(4), 37-51. doi10. 2753/JOA0091-3367390403 Johnson, C. (2009, February 11). Cutting through advertising clutter. Retrieved from http//www. cbsnews. com/8301-3445_162-2015684. html Reichert, T. , LaTour, M. S. , Lambiase, J. I. , & Adkins, M. (2007). A Test of Medi a Literacy Effects and Sexual Objectification in Advertising. Journal Of Current Issues & inquiry In Advertising (CTC Press), 29(1), 81-92. Exhibit OnePicture of Marc Jacobs Ad

Response to an Example of Communication Essay

Based on the true story of Leigh Anne and Sean Tuohy who take in a homeless teenage Afri rat-American boy named Michael. Michael has no idea who his father is and his mother is a drug addict. Michael hasnt had a proper education and fewer skills to help him learn. Leigh Anne takes charge however, ensuring that the Michael has every opportunity to succeed. When he expresses an interest in football, she goes out of her way to help him, including giving the coach a few ideas on how best to use Michaels skills.They not only provide him with a loving home, but hire a tutor to help him improve his grades to the range where he would qualify for an NCAA Division I athletic scholarship. Michael Oher is just 17 years old an extremely large physically growing up in in Memphis. He no longer lives with his drug addicted mother, but is in foster care, when he isnt running away to sleep wheresoever else he can find.Out of circumstances including Coach Cottons belief that he would be an asset to t he schools football course of instruction based solely on his size and seeing him move, Michael is accepted into Wingate Christian School which is an exclusive private school, despite his disappointing 0. 6 GPA. After Michael starts tending classes at Wingate, most of his teachers believe he is unteachable, except his science teacher, Mrs Boswell, who begins to understand that he learns in a different way. Believing he is indeed homeless, replete white woman Leigh Anne Tuohy the mother of Wingate students, Collins Tuohy and S.J. Tuohy, and wife to Sean Tuohy, who is a franchise owner of several Taco Bells, she invites Michael to stay in the Tuohys home for the night. still that one night slowly extends itself as the Tuohy family grow to care for Michael as he does for them. Part of that emotional investment for Leigh Anne is fully understanding Michael as a person so that he can fulfil his potential as a human being, which includes giving him opportunities such as what Coach Cot ton ab initio saw in Michael as a potential left tackle in football.Some problems include Michaels poor academic standing which may stop him from participating in extracurricular activities at the school, his learning disability which may extend to other aspects of his life beyond his schooling, whether he actually can play football, and authorities questioning Leigh Anne and all the Tuohys motivations in inviting Michael into their home and family. Michael eventually gets his grades, with help from the tutor and is allowed to participate in training for the football team.As Michael starts to train with the football team he starts to learn the game of football, he first training session doesnt go as planned. As Leigh Anne is ceremonial occasion Michael she sees him struggling to pick up the game, so she decides to go over and have a talk to him. She explains to Michael that the football team is like the Tuohy family and that you would do anything to protect them, the complete te am is stunned watching Leigh Anne give this talk. Michael then starts to show signs of his potential as to the coachs delight.This scene in the movie shows how much Michael has openhanded to love the Tuohy and that he would do anything to protect them, Leigh Anne plays a big part in Michaels life and this is just another thing she has done to help him succeed. The In the charge there are many different techniques in terms of camera angles and camera shots. camera shots are used to demonstrate different aspects of settings and themes. Camera angles are used to position the viewer so they can understand the relationship between characters. The mid shot is used at the start of the film as they show Michael walking down a path in his neighbourhood.There are children among him having fun playing, whilst Michael is walking with a sad facial expression. This sets the witticism for the viewer getting them emotionally attached straight away. There is a close up shot of Michael when he is informed of his fathers death, the sense of humor is very sad and so is the expression on Michaels face, but throughout the whole movie Michael doesnt show much emotion besides having a sad facial expression. You can tell the mood has changed because of the music as well, the camera slowly moves towards Michaels face giving the audience sense of gloom making them emotional as well.

Abortion from a Kantian and Utilitarianism Perspective

Population Growth You and me, we arent that different. But when we compare ourselves to the 6. 2 one million million masses in this world or even the 287. 4 one thousand million in the United States, we start to become re all(prenominal)y different. Take all of the high-rises and stack them up and I bet we could go to the moon. Now you tell me that is not over-population. This world is growing with people everyday and it doesnt stop. Because of the population and its growing our resources are becoming limited. Our garbage production on this planet is atrocious It all needs to stop right now.If we stop populating this world with more people we would become better off later on. Like I said our natural resources are limited and everyday a lot of them are getting thrown in the trash. These are all things that have to do with population. Everyday we are changing the environment around us, whether it is building roads, houses or any early(a) thing in that matter. In doing so we are t aking up space on human beings. Which means that we are running out of room to grow. And sanely soon we will have no room to grow on this planet. In Bangladesh there are 2,405 people per square mile.Hong Kong is virtually made of high-rises that 6. 8 million people live in. The Chinese region of Macaa is 57,369 people per square mile. These numbers are all because we are running out of room to grow, gum olibanum we are turning to high-rises. Brazil has a population of 176. 5 million people and eight out of ten people live in towns or cities and it grows 1. 3% each year. 1. 3% is what the worlds average growth rate is. And you think that is bad, look at Africa, which has a growth rate of 2. 4% and of course is the highest in the world.Tokyo, Japan, home of 34 million Japanese, is the largest city in the world. Mexico City, Mexico has 22. 4 million el locos living in it. New York, New York, has 21. 8 million people in its borders and is the 4th largest city. Sao Paulo, Brazil, has 20 million people that I get to go meet and it is the 5th largest city. The 8th largest city is Los Angeles, calcium that is home to 17. 8 million Americans. The 19th largest city is Rio de Janeiro, which is home to 12 million Brazilians who I also get to meet. Number 26 is Chicago, Illinois, home to 9. 7 million Americans.Like I said, this world is growing. In 15,000 BC, 5 million people started hunting and gathering food for themselves. In 5,000 BC there were 66 million people in the world and they could finally settle in one place and farm. And now look at this world The numbers of humans has never been on the downfall for very long. But the worlds growth rate has been falling at more or less . 1% annually. As you recall, the average growth rate is 1. 3%. In about 40 age from now, more than 50 countries will experience negative growth with a world growth rate at about 0. 34% per year.Like Ive said, there are some natural resources that are running out. 70% of the Earth is covere d in water. Only 25% of water supplies are clean and healthy in Ethiopia. 69% of water we use is for farming. Since 10,000 BC, humans have done for(p) half of our worlds forest. Lets face it mineral resources are finite and should be recycled for future generations. For example, the 287. 4 million Americans use ten times the mensuration of oil Africa does with 840 million people. Although this is not a renewable resource, it is a natural one we are going to run out of real soon.As common sand kicks in, we realize that the more people there are the more oil we use. Now you can take that fact and apply it to ANY resource. To set it straight, 2,000 years ago there were 250 million people in the world. 1700. 679 million people 1900. 1. 63 trillion people 1920. 1. 96 billion people 1950. 2. 52 billion people 1990. 5. 29 billion people in the world. In 1999 the world hit 6 billion people. Today there is about 6. 3 billion and it is growing every day. This is not a good thing. Our envir onment is being stretched to its limits and it has to stop. We need to stop it by stopping population growth.

Knowledge and Wisdom

Knowledge and wisdom. Sometimes we have all we need of one, and not enough of the other. And often, too often, we dont know the difference. Often, too often, we mistake knowledge, the accumulation of facts, for wisdom, the ability to make the right hand choices in life.To succeed as individuals, and as a nation, we need to know how to put what we know to worthy use. Perhaps this is why our system of education so often fails. Children argon fed facts, lots of facts, without creation shown the use of those facts. That can lead to a gain in knowledge without any gain in wisdom, or it can lead nowhere at all as the student turns away from what he or she perceives as busy work designed to fill the mind with useless facts.Often, too often, students are told they must learn something without being told why, without being guided toward the wisdom they will need to put to puritanical use the facts they are given. Or they are told they must learn something to pass an examination. A passi ng straddle is held up as the ultimate goal, and thats not good.What should be held up as the ultimate goal is both(prenominal) knowledge and wisdom gained in school that can be put to good use in life. When the student sees that this fact, or that bit of information, can have real value somewhere besides on an examination, that student will want to learn. And that student will have a higher score on any examination. Knowledge and wisdom. One needs the other, and we all need both.

Macroeconomics Essay

If an economy produces final output worth $5 trillion, then(prenominal) the amount of gross income generated by that production is $5 trillion 2. Which of the following would non be Ian expending on a final good or service? a medical clinics grease ones palms of flu vaccine 3. Which of the following would be included in GDP? payment of the monthly ring bill by Mr. Laconic 4. Consumption in the expenditures approach to calculating GDP includes purchases of medical operate at the local clinic 5.Which of the following is not considered a component of investment when alculating GDP? purchases of corporate logical argument 6. Which of the following is not included in GDP? interest payments on the raceal debt 7. Which of the following would not increase U. S. GDP? increased shipments of Ghanian cocoa to the United States on Greek vessels 8. A granger grows wheat and sells it to a bakery for $5. The bakery bakes the wheat into bread, which it sells to a distributor for $20. The dis tributor sells the bread to a supermarket for $30, which sells the bread to customers for $50.Which of the following is true? The supermarket contributed more, in jimmy added, than the bakery. 9. The simple flyer flow model shows that households atomic number 18 on the supply side of the resource market and the demand side of the product market 10. mull over that the economy is in equilibrium with a trade deficit and that saving is greater than investment. According to the circular flow model, the governments budget must be in deficit 1 1 . Which of the following statements is true regarding leakages and injections?Since leakages equal injections, aggregate income equals aggregate expenditure. 2. Which of the following is an injection into the circular flow? designate payments 13. Which of the following would not be included in the measurement of GDP? transactions in the thermionic valve economy 14. GDP is a poor measure of social well-being because the value of leisure date is not counted in GDP 15. Given the following hypothetical data C = $3,000 I = $1,cc G = $2,000 X- M $500 depreciation = $200 transfer payments = $800, net domestic product is $5,500 16.Limitations of the national income business relationship system include valuing all output t its market wrong regardless of whether it contributes to a connections economic welfare 17. The price index in the base year always equals light speed 18. Exhibit 01 crossing Bread Gum Quantity in market basket 10 5 50 Price in base year $1. 00 1. 00 0. 20 current year $1. 50 2. 00 0. 50 Use the information in Exhibit 01 to calculate the consumer price index in the current year. CPI = 200 19. If real GDP in a particular year is $5,000 trillion and nominal GDP in that same year is $4,000 trillion, then the GDP price index is 80 20.A major departure between the CPI and the GDP price index is that the CPI includes a sample of goods consumed, including imported goods, and the price index includes all domest ically produced goods 21 . In double-entry book keeping system of GDP the value of output produced must equal the value of resource payments generated in producing that output 22. Gross Domestic Product measures the market value of all final goods and services produced by resources located within a nation regardless of who owns those resources 23. The value of the films produced in the United States starring Charlie

Smoking And Health Outcomes Health And Social Care Essay

This essay go out try to analyze consort articles in order to try replying four chief inquiries go nearing around fastball and wellness results. circumstantial mentions will be made to Anu Kat ainen s article Social syndicate differences in the histories of gage endeavoring for specialisation? The four chief inquiries revolve around how different groups account for their rotter and how societal factors, mob factors and ad hominem positions influence facets of gauge and wellness results.Question 1 How different groups account for their f unhorsepotPrevious surveies prevail suggested that hatful is a fragment and that the search participants in these surveies emphasise the positively charged points of dope and restrain every deed far as possible from speaking about their dependence and the negative points of stinkpot ( Katainen 20101091 ) . In this treatment we will specifically mention to Katainen s look for survey.The focal point of Katainen survey was on the cultural and societal facets of locoweed ( Katainen 20101090 ) . Her survey consisted out of interviews conducted with two groups viz. manual of arms and non-manual oeuvreers, aged between 24 and 58, the thespians came from diverse work up environments ( Katainen 20101090 ) . The interviews c every purposeed two chief subjects existent stinkpot behaviour and the significances which attri justed to smoking ( Katainen 20101090 ) .First we will preaching the consequences of the non-manual workers. The first determination in Katainen s ( 20101091 ) survey provinces that non-manual workers link smoking with E?pleasurable minutes. Non-manual workers do non merely elate smoking portion of unremarkable life but anyways see it as a memorabilia to singular minutes in life ( Katainen 20101091 ) . The one respondent expressed the fol overthrows It s like a small bead of Alike the concluding touch at any(prenominal) fantastic minutes ( Katainen 20101091 ) .The following determination was singular, the respondents considered their smoke as an single wont and emphasised their ain individualism ( Katainen 20101091 ) . They province that their smoke cues were non dependant on former(a)s ( Katainen 20101092 ) . This was interesting due to the fact that it is by and considerablehearted accepted that smoke is a societal dependence. The respondents refrained from lending to any generalizations or stereotypes ( Katainen 20101092 ) . This determination was in like manner applicable to white-collar respondents, who effectuate it hard to depict or categorize themselves ( Katainen 20101092 ) .An otherwise noteworthy find was that no category differentiations were made associating to smoking but differentiations were instead made associating to smoking wonts ( Katainen 20101092 ) . An parable made, was that for certain participants smoking in the smoke room, at the work topographic point, was considered uncomfortable, and these participants would see their smoke as diff erent from the other tobacco users being their smoke was a voluntary act and the other tobacco users smoking was much a modus operandi or an dependence ( Katainen 20101093 ) .Adding on to the above mentioned were besides the white-collar respondents who made a elapse division between functional smoke and everyday smoke ( Katainen 20101093 ) . Smoke was considered more acceptable if it had a map ( e.g. relaxation after a nerve-racking state of affairs ) and less acceptable when it was by with(p) routinely ( e.g. smoking whilst walking indicates dependence ) ( Katainen 20101093 ) . Although it may look that the respondents all considered smoke in a positive manner there was an exclusion with two respondents, who had a negative attitude towards their ain smoke ( Katainen 20101093 ) . In general middle-class respondents viewed their ain smoke as witting Acts of the Apostless and reacted with disgust towards anybody who could non command their E?appetites ( Katainen 20101093-1094 ) .Next we will discourse the consequences of the manual workers. In researching the manual workers histories for smoke, consequences proved to be most(prenominal) surprising. incontrovertible concluding such as rebellion, independency and wont which is associated with smoke was expected to correlate with the motive of manual workers but these premises were proven incorrect to some grade ( Katainen 20101094 ) . The first positive motive mentioned for smoke was in the instance of work context, for these respondents smoking provided a legitimate ground for interruption every telephone number swell as protracting interruptions ( Katainen 20101093-1094-1095 ) .Harmonizing to the respondents the most burning(prenominal) ground for their smoke was relaxation, for emphasis and anxiousness increased their smoke wont ( Katainen 20101095 ) . For illustration the one respondent, Antti ( R49 ) , said that smoke helps quiet you in minutes when something truly pisses you murder ( Katainen 201 01095 ) . some other positive facet of smoke was the sociableness of smoke it made it easier to acquire acquainted with other workers ( Katainen 20101095 ) . Smoke was at its most gratifying when uniting coffin nails with java ( Katainen 20101095 ) .Although there atomic number 18 a batch of similarities between the positive facets of smoke for both manual and non-manual workers the bulk of results remain different ( Katainen 20101095 ) . When discoursing the facets of smoking with manual workers they were more inclined to delineate the negative facets of smoke and found it hard to portray positive facets of smoke ( Katainen 20101095 ) . This can be percipiently seen done the interviews conducted with two of the respondents ( Katainen 20101096 ) Int Why do you smoke?R50 That s a total inquiry laughs I don t know. It s merely a deleterious wont. I don thold anything wise to state about it.Int Don t you cerebrate there s anything positive in smoke?R50 Well I behaven t fou nd anything positive yet. I can t believe what could be positiveabout it. ( 39-year-old male, building worker )Int Why do you smoke?R54 Because I m dependent on nicotine. It s every bit simple as that. It s a wont. ( 27-year-old egg-producing(prenominal), building worker )Non-manual workers accounted for their smoke through justifications and manual workers accounted for their smoke through alibis ( Katainen 20101096 ) . For white-collar workers smoking was a witting act/decision blue-collar workers on the other manus described it as compulsive, rooted in day-to-day modus operandis and merely happened ( Katainen 20101096-1097 ) . Thus the important point that differentiates manual workers from non-manual workers is the manner in which they account for their smoke ( Katainen 20101097 ) .There are multiple railway yard why these histories differ the five chief facets are the chthonicmentioned. First the different working environments of the two groups have a major impact, for smok e is more common in manual work environments ( Katainen 20101097 ) . Second the message of coffin nails smoked on a day-to-day footing differs greatly among the two groups and thirdly the wishing of justifications among manual workers every bit bang-up as the accent on negative facets has another great influence ( Katainen 20101097 ) . The following major impact was the interviewees because they were female and the male respondents most probably would reply their inquiries in a manner that would do them sound good and hence go forth a good feeling ( Katainen 20101098 ) .Then in conclusion the inactive positions among the manual workers have a great influence over their thought procedures ( Katainen 20101098 ) . Word count 1002 Question 2 Identify societal factors runing in the logical thinking fag smokeIn general it has been proposed that the ground behind the societal differences account for smoke is that educated quite a little are more concerned about wellness related issues and indeed are more goaded to give up smoke ( Katainen 20101088 ) . Contradictory to the above mentioned, the latest surveies on category and wellness reveal that all societal groups consider wellness every bit of import but the ways in which these groups execute this vastness differs ( Katainen 20101088 ) . The top(prenominal) categories consider wellness as a norm that should be achieved which is reflected in day-to-day patterns, where lower categories consider wellness as enabling day-to-day modus operandis.In her article Katainen ( 20101088 ) references that it is of import to detect that surveies on wellness behavior may overrate the significance of witting wellness considerations in casual life. lyric used in wellness research may differ from nomenclature used in mundane life for illustration habitus termed as E?health behavior, in wellness research, is in mundane life more likely to be governed by modus operandis, cultural forms and societal patterns, than made by a wi tting attempt to better one s wellness as suggested by wellness research ( Katainen 20101088 ) .Habitus is E?the manner society be scrape ups deposited in individuals in the signifier of permanent temperaments ( Wacquant 2005 316 ) . For Katainen ( 20101089 ) Bourdieu s invention of habitus Afor the different societal groups, it serves as a common frame of reading through which action becomes apprehensible, based on shared life conditions and life events ( Katainen 20101089 ) . In contrast to this habitus has besides been critiqued for being excessively deterministic, people are more cognizant of the regulations and determiners of societal life, more than Bourdieu seemed to presume ( Katainen 20101089 ) .Another point Katainen makes is when mentioning to the societal significance of patterns and its ability to bespeak societal distance, which is derived from the place it has in the system of objects and patterns and is non derived from the constituent(a) belongings of the pattern ( Katainen 20101089 ) , therefore it is of import obtaining objects and holding complete cognition on their use but besides the manner of gestating them in relation to others ( Katainen 20101089 ) . This returns to health-related affairs being personal thoughts of one s behavior every bit good as people actively negociating their topographic point in the universe of discourse and constructing and keeping their societal individualities as Katainen ( 20101089 ) acknowledged.Through her interviews Katainen besides observed that for some participants smoke was a socialisation tool assisting them to do friends and acquire to cognize people ( Katainen 20101095 ) . To back up the above mentioned Katainen ( 20101097 ) besides states that a societal environment in which smoke is really common and, in a sense, axiomatic, may tardily ease its continuation without break, and accordingly does non make the demand to warrant the wont. One can reason that smoke has a broad scope of societal fact ors that contributes to persons taking up smoke every bit good as obligateing it. These factors range from personal issues to societal surroundings for illustration smoke can come from personal wonts, civilization, and instruction to socialization tools. Word count 502 Question 3 Address the function of category in wellness resultIn this inquiry we will discourse three articles of three separate writers viz. Katainen, henry and Stacey. We will get down with Katainen. In her research Katainen ( 20101087 ) provinces that it is by and large accepted that in-between and focal ratio categories guide to populate long healthy lives whereas lower categories tend to populate short lives filled with unwellness. Although certain research workers consider category and societal classs as disentangled from the newfangled twenty-four hours issues, smoking provides the cogent try of the uninterrupted importance of category ( Katainen 20101087 ) . In Western states smoking seems to be a tende ncy under the lower socioeconomic groups bespeaking to inequalities in wellness ( Katainen 20101087-1088 ) .Harmonizing to the habitus construct, people s behavior and determinations are abnormal by their life conditions ( Katainen 20101089 ) . Where people live will bespeak what they can afford, their penchants and what is appropriate for their category ( Katainen 20101089 ) . For illustration a truck driver eating heavy, fatty repasts and a immature white-collar adult female preferring a light salad the rightness of certain wonts is related to the single s societal place ( Katainen 20101089 ) take in inclinations do non merely alteration because of wellness but besides by the image one wants to portray to society ( Katainen 20101089 ) .Next we will look at Paul Henry s article ( 2001 ) An interrogatory of the Pathways Through Which Social Class Impacts Health Outcomes. In his article Henry ( 200107 ) discusses the different motives for the continuation of smoke ( Henry 200107 ) . The most important influence among the lower categories was that of equal force per unit area ( Henry 200107 ) . Amongst the higher upper categories wellness was considered an inherently of import norm ( Henry 200107 ) .Upper classes tend to see good wellness as something you must accomplish, a end to work towards whereas lower category viewed good wellness as a means-to-an-end ( Henry 200107 ) . For lower categories wellness was valued in the sense that it allowed them to work and hold fiscal stableness ( Henry 200107 ) . This could be best described through the comparing of an upper category single exercise and eating healthy ( good wellness demands to be gained and maintained ) whereas the lower category person would see good wellness as merely doing it through the twenty-four hours peacefully without unneeded strains ( Henry 200107 ) .The last article we will be discoursing is that of Stacey, M. ( 1998 ) The Plurality of Mending Systems in Tudor and Stuart England. In her survey Stacey researched category systems in the late 1970 s. In this epoch there was a clear category and gender division which had a major impact on wellness results. Peoples populating in the towns had a greater compartmentalization of wellness attention than people populating in the countryside who were dependent on common people therapists ( Stacey 199839 ) . Well off people, who could pay, had a broad assortment of knowing physicians ( elect doctors ) although fees sometimes differ ( Stacey 199839 ) . The hapless were left to depend on cunning common people and assorted therapists go forthing them to a hapless diagnostic and intervention ( Stacey 199839 ) .Back in this epoch it is of import to besides observe gender division. Womans were left to run the families and hence had a greater duty of wellness heraldic bearing and Restoration for the whole household for the greatest sum of mending took topographic point at place ( Stacey 199839 ) . Here gender and category overlappe d for lower category housewives all had similar accomplishments and cognition and therefore were dependent on upper category neighbors, for upper category homemakers had more cognition and accomplishments and hence ministered their poorer neighbors every bit good as their ain families ( Stacey 199839 ) .One can reason that over the old ages category has and will stay an of import factor in wellness results.( Word count 597 )Question 4 What societal factors influence and determine your determinations about wellness picksThere is a assortment of societal factors which influence my positions and determinations go arounding around wellness issues more specifically smoking. The first most of import fact I must crystalize you with, in order for you to understand my motives, is that I am a non-smoker. The first influence would be through societal establishments viz. household and faiths. Family and faith are the two chief facets which shapes an person into who they are. I was brought up i n a conservative yet unfastened minded Christian family. My parents taught me it was incorrect to smoke and pose disrespect towards others, my faith Tells me, through the Ten Commandments, to esteem and obey my parents. These two societal establishments act as a signifier of societal control. My parents were fondly and my faith cost me no injury and therefore I had no demand to arise against them.The 2nd and most of import societal influence was my instruction. I have learned the undermentioned list of facts over the old ages. First baccy consists out of 4500 chemicals, the chief toxicants in baccy are a ) Cd ( auto batteries ) , B ) DDT ( insect powder ) , c ) H nitrile ( gas Chamberss ) , vitamin D ) methylbenzene ( industrial dissolver ) , e ) vinyl chloride ( plastics ) ( discipline Council Against locoweed ) . Tobacco besides consists out of 43 unknown carcinogens which are malignant neoplastic infirmity doing agents ( National Council Against have ) . Smoking well increa ses the hazard of TB ( TB ) and decease ( National Council Against Smoking ) . Smoking besides causes the undermentioned diseases viz. malignant neoplastic disease of the oral cavity, lingua, lip, nasal, salivary secretory organs, voice box and the lungs every bit good as sphacelus shots redness of the oculus and unnatural motions of the oculus cataracts and psoriasis ( National Council Against Smoking ) .Another danger which is caused via smoke is second-hand fume. Second-hand fume consists out of 4000 chemicals where merely 250 are known and 50 % are known to do malignant neoplastic disease ( National Council Against Smoking ) . The most noteworthy chemicals are 1 ) arsenous anhydride ( a heavy metal toxin ) , 2 ) benzine ( a chemical found in gasolene ) , 3 ) Cd ( a metal used in batteries ) , 4 ) Cr ( a metallic atom ) , 5 ) Ni ( a metallic component ) , 6 ) Po 210 ( a chemical component that gives off radiation ) , 7 ) vinyl chloride ( a toxic substance used in plastics i ndustry ) ( National Council Against Smoking ) . Second-smoke besides causes a assortment of unwellnesss under which is TB and a battalion of malignant neoplastic diseases ( National Council Against Smoking ) .The last influences are of a personal nature I am a terpsichorean ( concert dance and modern ) and as seen in the above mentioned smoking causes multiple wellness jobs. Dancing is my manner of loosen uping and maintaining forgather and for that one needs a healthy organic structure. I besides suffer from asthma and smoke will merely decline my asthma and coerce me to halt the thing I love in life dance. In my household we are besides susceptible to malignant neoplastic disease and smoke doubles my opportunities of developing malignant neoplastic disease. The above mentioned can be associate to all wellness issues and non merely smoking Word count 500 DecisionOne can clearly observe that through the eras category has remained an of import factor when act uponing wellness resul ts. Another important determination is that all the assorted writers had the aforesaid(prenominal) position point affecting the lower and upper category differentiations. The lower categories viewed wellness as an mundane experience, where the upper categories viewed wellness as a end something to work towards, an purpose that needs to be achieved. turn away categories accounted for their smoke as an unmanageable desire and identified their wont most comfortably with negative facets. The upper categories viewed smoke as a witting act or determination and identified their wont most comfortably with positive facets. There were assorted similarities between the two groups but the most cardinal parity was that both groups viewed smoke as a relaxation tool. Social factors, including societal establishments and societal control measurings, get together an every bit of import function as subscriber to get down or halt smoke every bit good as to wellness results. The last of import fact or is that these surveies provided the intellect to turn out generalizations and pigeonholing incorrect till a certain grade.

Innovative Hr Practices to Maintain Work Life Balance of Employees

INNOVATIVE HUMAN RESOURCE POLICIES FOR MAINTAINING WORK-LIFE BALANCE OF EMPLOYEES Author pic Mr. Virendra Gadiwar, deteriorate Puja Shedge & Prof. Poonam Vatharkar. INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1. 1. Background. 3 1. 2 Defining grow progress fit.. . 3 1. 3 meaning. .. 4 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 5 2. 1 Importance. .. 5 2. Advant epochs. 6 2. 3 Techniques influencing accomplishment keep proportionateness. . 6 3. OBJECTIVE OF CONDUCTING SURVEY7 3. 1 How the subject argona help?.. 7 4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.. .. . . 8 4. 1 Method of data collection. .. 8 4. 2 Research methodology.. 8 5. ANALYSIS OF DATA. . 10 5. 1 Tabular Representation. .. 12 5. 2 Diagrammatic Representation. . . 13 6. FINDINGS. .. . 14 7. CONCLUSION. .. 14 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background The character reference of engage has flipd throughout the world due to economic conditions and social implys. Originally, manoeuvre was a matter of compulsion and survival. Throughout the years, the contribution of giv e has evolved and the composition of the workforce has changed. Today, work still is a necessity only if it should be a source of private merriment as well.One of the vehicles to help provide improvement of personal and professional goals is work-life benefits and programs The issue of work-life proportionality has developed out of demographic and social changes that have resulted in a more(prenominal) diverse, declining workforce, divergent family and work models. Supporting work-life balance (WLB) is seen as a way of attracting and retaining the savvy force indispensable to support economic well-being. In boldnesss and on the home front, the challenge of work/life balance is rising to the top of many employers and employees consciousness.In todays fast-paced society, human resourcefulness professionals seek options to positively impact the bottom line of their companies, improve employee examplee, retain employees with valuable company knowledge, and keep pace with wo rkplace trends. heretofore, experience has shown that policy on malleable work practices needs to be support by strategies to achieve outcomeive implementation. This research provides suggestions and options for Human Resources Managers on developing and managing equitable ductile work practices.It has been knowing to provide practical advice to assist ecesiss in achieving successful implementation of these policies which would be a tell a classify initiative for inclusion in an organizational WLB. 1. 2 Defining work-life balance 1. Work life balance is about effectively managing the juggling act amid paid work and the other activities that argon bring up to people. Its not saying that work is wrong or bad, but that work shouldnt all told crowd out the other things that matter to people like metre with family, participation in federation activities, voluntary work, personal development, leisure and recreation . Working practices that acknowledge and aim to support the n eeds of round in achieving a balance in the midst of their home and works lives 3. people having a measure of fake all oer when, where and how they work. It is achieved when an individuals dependable to a fulfilled life inside and outside work is accepted and respected as the norm, to the mutual benefit of the individual, business and society. UK organization Employers for Work-Life Balance 1. 3 Meaning In recent years there is a dramatic change in much organization with respect to work-Life balance (WLB) which is named as flexible work time accords, the sensitivity of topic is reflected by its idea which is to provide personal work style preferences. This arrangement is famous for job satisfaction, commitment, and engagement of an employee. When we talk about flexibility the source thing which we relate it with is relaxation, relaxation in terms of tasks, duties, responsibility, but when we finically talk about WLB it center that we be talking about nontraditional grea t dockets and work away from campus. in that respect ar a signifi basist percentage of employees already involved in flexible time arrangements that they do not work the standard schedule of 800 am to 500 pm which is being followed by the most of the organization. protean arrangements provide for daily, weekly, periodic, or annual fluctuations in scheduling. Flexible arrangements are a broad term we are not only talking about daily scheduling but it may vary to monthly or even annual rearrangements of time. In flexible arrangements we are not bound to an old conventional standards but a fair customize scheduling. Work-Life Balance does not mean an equal balance.Trying to schedule an equal number of hours for each of your various work and personal activities is usually unrewarding and unrealistic. Life is and should be more fluid than that. Your best individual work-life balance entrust vary over time, often on a daily basis. The right balance for you today will probably be di fferent for you tomorrow. The right balance for you when you are single will be different when you marry, or if you have children when you depress a new career versus when you are nearing retirement. 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2. 1 Importance 1) Productivity Managers can accession the productivity of employees by responding to their need to balance work and personal obligations. This positive approach path by managers can ? Inspire appendd loyalty and commitment from employees. ? Retain employees and make savings on the be of employee overturn, information and absenteeism. ? Examine how work-life balance policies affect another variable such as job satisfaction or organizational commitment, and and then correlate these variables to productivity. 2) Job Satisfaction When work chokes into family time, it can create stresses which then extend into the workforce.One meta- compend suggests that there is a consistent oppose relationship between work-family conflict and job sati sfaction. As far as work-life balance policies can reduce the conflict between work and family, they can increase job satisfaction. There is no strong empirical examine of a positive association between high employee satisfaction and high productivity, but job satisfaction does have a clear negative relationship to absence and turnover. A satisfied workforce may be valuable because employees are then less likely to be absent and consequently affect the bottom line.Other commentators suggest that work-life balance policies can increase organizational commitment. Higher levels of organizational commitment are then correlated with light turnover and better job movement. 3) Saving Costs The work-life balance important to reduce for the cost of an organization such as, ? Reduced lag turnover Estimated cost of renew a manager Estimated cost of replacing an employee. Organizations are rest upon the assumption that work-life balance policies will improve rung retention.Reducing sta ff turnover leads to lower costs, as recruiting new staff is a costly process. Staff loss leads to direct costs and indirect cost. Direct cost associated with recruiting, such as advertising, interviewing. However indirect costs associated with the loss of institutional knowledge and contacts. Greater staff retention also reduces training costs. Having staff staying longer in a firm, increases the returns on investments made in their training. There is Cost savings also if work-life balance policies reduce absenteeism. 2. 2 Advantages a. Enables extension of on the job(p) hours. . Improves recruitment and retention of staff. c. Gives some scope to match peak staffing with peak demand for departments where the work figure is unpredictable. d. A staff is able to fit domestic commitments in around the start or finish of the ordinary working day. e. Staff is able to miss the worst of the rush hour. f. Choosing to work early or late when there are fewer interruptions. g. Staff able to log surplus hours worked and takes time back later. h. Staff able to consolidate credit hours into a half-day or day off. 2. 3 Techniques Influencing Work-Life Balance SR. NO. TECHNIQUES DESCRIPTIONS 1 flexible work agreement An agreement documenting specific flexible working arrangements negotiated between an individual employee and workgroup manager, signed by the employee and workgroup manager, and approved by the corporate manager 2 flexible working Flexible working arrangements define the flexibility in working conditions available to contract groups arrangements of employees and the parameters within which individual agreements can be negotiated 3 flexi time A flexible arrangement of working time, which allows employees to negotiate how and when hours will be worked within limits and conditions set by the corporate manager. 4 compressed weeks An arrangement which enables employees to exchange an agreed reduction in their salary over a specified period for spea r carrier periods of leave. The period or periods of purchased leave are planned in advance and funded by salary deductions dispersed evenly over the total period of the agreement. 5 job share An arrangement where one regular job is shared between two or more people. Each person works irregular on a regular on-going basis. 6 Part time in basic terms this applies to staff who work fewer hours than full time, e. g. orking 20 hours over 3 days rather than 37 hours over 5 days 7 Voluntary reduced hours a temporary reduction in working hours should be available in all forces, but may be given a different name 8 Annual hours works on the basis of agreeing a fixed number of hours over a year, then calculating the hours on a monthly basis, i. e. instead of a five-week shift pattern 9 Career breaks Taking an unpaid break in your career. 10 Home/tele working staff working mainly from home or at a geographically separate site and communicating with their HQ /base st ation via phone and e-mail. 3. OBJECTIVE OF CONDUCTING SURVEY The main objective of our measure is to counsel on employee satisfaction with organization policies so as to control level of stress, lack of productivity, lack of moral etc. which effect employee retention and turnover. Therefore to achieve high employee satisfaction and engagement different groundbreaking human recourse policies could be adopted. To address this issue, our survey is conducted to investigate the innovative human recourse policies to keep work life balance of employee that aims to improve satisfaction and engagement. 3. 1 How The Survey Help? A all-encompassing evolution of Work-life balance can best be seen as a check up on the human resources policies of your organization. Like any check-up, you learn both what is working well and where there are areas needed improvements.When conducted on regular basis, systematic method for assigning employee satisfaction will let you identify key trends and pat tern among employee attitude towards the WLB, thereby enabling you and your company to anticipated and act on upcoming problems and issues. As a result, an human recourses policies turn over conducted this will enable you to use the information from your employee as a tools for change within your organization. We strongly believe that human resources policies studies should represent a mutual exchange of information between employee and organization. To fulfill this simple principle, there is a critical need to make employee feel that they are part of the research process.For maximum effectiveness, employee must believe that work-life balance have values to them as well as to the organization, that believes in clarity demostaticting to employees this subject area is an opportunity to be heard and directly influence human resources policies . This approach not only measurable impact on participation rates but also effect the degree to which employee trust the outcomes when finding are reported back to them. For these reasons, all questionnaires are carefully designed for a case of use, including straightforward wording a clean layout and simple navigation. 4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4. 1 Method of data collection The survey was developed by a department team comprised of representatives from some(prenominal) organization, institutions, and the business farms. Evaluations provided technical assistance, and the team reviewed on human resources polices for maintain work-life balance.Following extensive discussion, the team impelled the basic structure, format, questions, and methodology for administering the survey. Each workgroup member was asked to include participants from management, professionals, and support staff. The purpose of the test was to determine the interest a) desex which technique will influence the Work life balance in human resources policies. b) Determine if the employee feels about work-life balance. c) To solicit suggestions for improveme nt of the human resource policies. d) To solicit information on employees willingness to participate in such a Survey. e) To solicit information on ways to encourage employee participation. 4. 2 Research MethodologyResearch can be define as process of systematic inquiry that is design to collect, analysis, map and use to understand, describe, predict or control an educational physiological phenomenon or to empower individuals in such contexts. This research undertaking is designed to be a descriptive study about objectives, types of data, sources of data, questionnaires, sample distribution and ingest design. a) Collection of Data There are two kinds of data can be taken as the survey is concern about they can be , i. Primary data ii. Secondary data From the above types of data the data can be extracted as following Primary Data It includes the Questionnaires taken for the survey includes ten factors with the rating options.Secondary Data It includes the literature review as fol lows ? There is clear evidence of a strong business benefits in the case studies, however these conclusions are context specific, and not unavoidably general sable. There is No one size fits all business case for work-life balance policies. ? The larger, econometric studies are less common that the case study work but they do find a correlation between productivity and the presence of work-life balance policies. ? The evidence of the business benefits of work-life balance policies is reasonably strong, and increasing.There are many incentives for the usage of WLB policies according to a 2002 National Development Plan Study, the level of family comity of the workplace (as measured in terms of number of family friendly policies available) was significantly correlated with the work satisfaction of fathers and mothers. The benefits of such policies include employee satisfaction, attracting/retaining employee productivity, reduced labour turnover, reduced absenteeism and improved busi ness results. b) Questionnaire Quantitative data in this study is collected through a questionnaire that was distributed to IT sector employees. The purpose of the questionnaires is to know about the employee satisfaction with organization policies which effect employee retention and turnover.The questionnaire is designed to determine the actual and perceptive view of the employee. To do this, the employees were asked to complete the questionnaire in two ways. First, they were asked close ended questions like yes/no according to their perception. Secondly, they were asking open ended questions in which they can write anything according to related question. c) Sampling A process of selecting no. of units for a study in such a way that the unit represent the large group from which they are selected. The sampling can be defines as a finite subject selected from population with the purpose of investigation of particular objective is called as sampling.The sapling method for this survey was a simple haphazard sampling. The simple random sampling is the easiest from all probability sampling it assure that all the members in the population are included in the list and then randomly selected the desired no. of sample. 5. ANALYSIS OF DATA Processing and analysis of data involved open and closed ended questions related to work life balance which are performed the summarized collected data and organizing it in a manner that it gives the answer to the research question and objective. The questionnaire was as below, This study is being undertaken for purely academic purpose on work-life balance i. e. flexible timing at the work place.The information collected will be treated as confidential and no means will be revealed in the research. Please read these questions and select appropriate option. 1) Please specify about you- a) gender Male Female b) Age Group Under 18 18-24 25-34 35-49 50-64 65 &above 2) What is your working time? 3) Do you want any changes in your ti ming? Yes No 4) If the flexible working times would be offered to you, will it help in your personal life? Yes No ) Do you think that if employees have cracking work-life balance, the organization will be more effective and successful? Yes No 6) Which of the following techniques of maintaining the work life balance are used by your Organization? a) Part time job b) Job share c) Compressed hours d) Voluntary reduce hours e) Flexi timing f) Annual hours g) Term time working h) Variable working hours i) Carrier breaks ) Over working allowance 7) Which technique /s you want your organization to introduce so as to maintain your work life balance? 8) Do you feel it will enhance your performance at work? Yes No 9) In your view does the techniques helps to increase employee commitment towards the organization? Yes No 10) Do you think that there will be direct co- relation of work-life balance and employee satisfaction? Yes No 11) fit to you does work-life balancing t echniques help for reducing the level of stress? Yes No 5. 1 Tabular representation Srs no Question no response No of response Percentage of response 1 1(a) Male 24 57. 14 female 18. 42. 86 2 1(b) a)under 18 0 0 b)18-24 10 23. 81 c)25-34 25 59. 52 d)35-49 7 16. 7 e)50-64 0 0 f)60-above 0 0 3 3 a) Yes 30 71. 43 b) No 12 28. 57 4 4 a) Yes 28 66. 66 b) No 14 33. 33 5 5 a) Yes 38 90. 48 b) No 4 9. 52 6 8 a) Yes 40 95. 3 b) No 2 4. 76 7 9 a) Yes 41 97. 61 b) No 1 2. 38 8 10 a) Yes 41 97. 61 b) No 1 2. 38 9 11 a) Yes 40 95. 23 b) No 2 4. 76 5. 2 Diagrammatic representation 6. FINDINGS From the survey and above given tabular statements we can able to interpret the data. The survey conducted through IT employee from them 24(57. 14%) are male and 18(42. 86%) are female, under which 10(23. 81%), 25(59. 52%) and 7(16. 67%) are in 18-24, 25-34 and 35-49 age group respectively. Among the respondents 30(71. 43%) wants to change in their current tim ing and 12(28. 57)does not want 28(66. 66%) feels that If the flexible working times would be offered to them, then it will help in their personal life and 14(33. 33%) doesnt feel that it would help. 38(90. 8%) think that if employees have good work-life balance, the organization will be more effective and successful and 4(9. 52%) dont think this way. 40(95. 23%) feel that if they suggested any techniques of work life balance which suitable for them, then it will enhance their performance at work and 2(4. 76%) not feel so, 41(97. 61%) feels that the suggested techniques will helps to increase their commitment towards the organization. From the respondents views 41(97. 61%) feels that there will be direct co- relation of work-life balance and employee satisfaction and 1(2. 38%) dont feel so. 40(95. 23%) views on the work-life balancing technique help for reducing the level of stress. 7. CONCLUSIONOn the basis of survey through on Innovative Human Resource Policies for Maintaining Wor k-Life Balance of Employees conclusion can make as follows objet dart performing on work life balance policies in organization the sex (male/female) should be considered priory. It is lowest from survey, as the employees are the major assets of an organization their satisfaction (that is 97. 61% feel) will play great role for the growth and development of organization. A committed workforce is the hallmark of a successful organization. Committed employees are more productive and work with a focus on quality to increase organization goodwill. However the employees are the organizations most important audience and they hold the keys to organizational success.

The image of the ideal wife in early modern Venice in art and text

1. The image of the ideal wife in early modern Venice in art and text. The Republic of Venice otherwise known as La Serenissima had a reputation for its security and political union. It had a reputation for its unsullied liberty, unwavering religiousity, affectionate consent and unfailingly peaceful intentions. 1 Art was used through come on the city to give tongue to and teach cordial and political virtues and expectations, according to Muir artistic patronage became an arm of govern manpowert.In consideration of this it was also a dash of social propaganda, as high ranking members of the scuolas including the Dukes and Doges could depict them selves performing arrant(a) acts, thusly promoting t heritor reputation in the eyes of the republic. Venetian art depicting women at home gave a portrayal of what was anticipate from women in a domestic environment, and by their husbands. There was a strong family ethic within Venice promoting civic unity and strength, which was pa ramount in the tally of the state. The images were all made how society expected the wife to be and what stereotypes were obligate upon women.All images of women were depicted through the eyes of men, and how they wished for others to perceive their plate. Women were expected to provide their husbands with an heir to the household, their only other material ploughshare creation a dowry which would add to the prestige and worth of the family name. Virtues such as faith, chastity and fecundity were required of a muliebrity to contribute to the success of a household. A genuine wife would add to the familial reputation and allow for a higher social status for the man.If single originated from a good household he was a more stable member of the Venetian participation which prided itself on unity and regulation. As the women were an essential component to the running of the household and domesticity there were often curb to running of a successful household. Wider more domain of a functionly concerns of the running of the republic were left to the patriarchal rule of the state, as the women had absolutely no political power. Within the household women were separated from the men within the financial support space.Venetian writers advised that the mistress of the household should have their room separate from their husbands, but linked, and situated last past from the entrance of the household. 2 The domestic spaces of women and men were extremely separate. The potent servants never go into the womens apartments when they do not know for certain if there ar daughters or marriageable damsels in the house, and likewise the unsalted female servants do not appear, or do so rarely, in the apartments of their masters but they resolve in the apartments of their mistresses and they go there through very secret staircases.Two ladies on a judiciary by Vittore Carpaccio (ca. 1500) is a demonstration of the literal differences in the spaces between men and w omen. The painting is divided into dickens halves, some(prenominal) gendered by traditional symbology. It is an allegorical representation of women and virtue as they are meet by symbols that support that. Two dogs represent fidelity a peacock wanders through the painting showing the virtues of redemption, egotism and purity. The women represented are of a high social status as they are shown in the fashions of the clock clock time of women of a high social ranking.A Venetian bride is identifiable by her pearl necklace, and could possible be seen as the mother of the young boy in the picture. The allegorical symbols that surround her show what would be expected of her in marriage. The metaphorical representation of the separation of the 2 highly gendered worlds of the men and women lies in the inclusion of the balcony in the scene. Various symbols are dictated on this division connecting the two worlds. Two turtle doves perched on the balcony show how the relationships bet ween the men and women are linked by love and a union of two halves.The vases containing lilies and myrtle also act as symbols of purity and marriage. A little boy climbing between the gaps in the balcony shows a transition and connection between the two halves of the painting. Children up to a certain age were placed in the care of their mothers and the female servants, as the woman were expected to fulfil the role of nurturing the tyke. However, the little boy is growing up and obviously on the path to adulthood as he moves across to the world of men.In contrast to the domestic scene of the two women on the balcony, the men are out doors, in the background hunting a juxtaposition of the two worlds. This supports what Scamozzi was saying about the expectation of the women to stay in doors within the domestic space maintaining the household, and being in charge of the upbringing of the barbarianren. Piero della Francesca painted portraits of his patron Federigo da Montefeltro Duke of Urbino and his wife Battista Sforza (c. 1470). The subjects of the paintings are placed in such a way that they are facing each other, showing their faces in profile allowing us to see their costume.The couple are in traditional Venetian dress, showing their prestige and social status. His wife is shown in the fashion with her string of pearls and elaborate headdress, and he in the expensive textilees of a duke. The portrait of Sfora Battista demonstrates how a wife who had fulfilled her duties, with all of the virtues of Two Ladies on a Terrace, is honoured. Sfora Battista was married to the Duke of Urbino in 1460 at the young age of thirteen. After bearing him six daughters she died shortly after the birth of their first son and heir in 1472 at the age of 25.The portrait is wherefore a posthumous portrait, allegedly based on her death masks or perhaps a previous(prenominal) portrait. 4 She was a good wife and fulfilled all of her duties sometimes acting as legal guardian when the Duke was away. She was a pious woman and the portrait was painted in her honour. There are various aspects of the whole kit and caboodle that support this. She is placed on the dexter side5, however there is a claim that Federigo de Montefeltro had a nervus facialis deformity on the right hand side of his face, and was therefore always painted showing his crush side.Apart from this, there are other aspects of the portrait that are Sfora Battistas favour. check to what was considered fashionable at the time her skin was very pale with hardly any shadowing. The pale sky is tonally very similar and brings out the pale colouring of her skin, emphasising its purity and clarity. In contrast to smooth texture of her skin the folds of the white cloth at the back of her head and the pearls hanging from her neck and the rest of her accessories are very detailed.The fact that our tutelage is drawn to her jewellery and clothing make us focus on her high ranking and social status. The two paintings come as a pair, however are linked and made whole by the contiguous background, and the matching triumphs painted on the other side. The backgrounds are subtly gendered in their content. Behind the woman there are small images of households. Behind her husband images of boats, similar to the background of Carpaccios painting, showing more male activities.The honouring of his wife continues on into the thematic content of the Trionfi, which was painted in order to celebrate the virtues of a couple. allegorical representations show Sfora Battista as a chaste woman, as her chariot is pulled by unicorns,6 and she is accompanied by the virtuous figures of Charity, Hope and Faith, who sit at the front of the carriage. Chastity and modesty stand behind Sfora at the back. She is surrounded by all of the virtues required in a perfect wife. Federigo is also shown wearing armour, surrounded by virtues that would show his status as a great ruler.However, as much as he is shown as a great ruler it is obviously the importance of his wife that adds to his success, as the two portraits are peer in content and importance of the subjects. Veroneses depiction of the mistress Guistinia Guistiniani Lady of the Barbaro Villa is a further celebration of a good Venetian wife. With a dowry of ten thousand duckets she brought fortune and a good name, and dolt her husband four sons. Marcantonio Barbaro worked in conjunction with the architect Palladio, and the artist Veronese in creating the villa in Maser, with an interdependance of themes that refer metaphorically to family, State and Church.These themes were mainly expressed through the artistry of Veroneses frescoes that are featured through out the villa. Symbols of timelessness and the elements which are featured in other frescoes of the household contribute to an allegory of Love throughout the household. A collegue of Marcantonio Barbaro, Bendetto Varchi, speaks of the importance of love in a household Love still binds with firm friendships the villas and cities it governs the marital tousle and deticates its laws to faithful friends where all good resides. The goddess of Love herself surrounded by the other Olympian gods looks down on the mistress of the household Guistiniana and her son, who looks out to greet visitors into the house, reiterating her power in the household. An allegorical symbol of fecundity is to a higher place her reminding us of her fulfilled duty as a wife by providing a son and heir to her husband. Her status as a mother as well as mistress of the household is ingeminate and emphasised by the fact that one of her children is standing on one side of her and one of her servants on the other.An empty space in the group suggests the absence of Marcantonio Barbaro as the master of the household. The boy is separated from the two women in the image indicating a social gender difference, similar to that of Carpaccios Two Ladies on a Balcony. Although he is tied to h is mother at the moment in time, due to his young age, in time he will have to separate and become an absent influence, moving from the domestic world of his mother in the villa, to the outside world of men.In the interior world of the Villa Barbaro Guistiniana is clearly in control as she is placed high, like the gods depicted in the fresco, giving her a divine authority over the household, and the realm of her visitors infra her. The iconography that surrounds the mistress of the household from her divine positioning alludes to terrestrial love and concord, expressed in the nuptial rites of men and more particularly in Marcantonios marriage to Giustiniana. 9 According to Reist a depiction of Juno, Hymenaeus, and Venus could be seen as a representation of a matrimonial scene along with the father of the bride.Other scenes also refer to the success of the household, with allegorical representations referring to the Villas wine production. The symbolism all refers to the gods and co smos placing their blessings upon the villa Barbaro its wealth, and the fruitful union of Guistiniana and Marcantonio. The Miracle of the speechmaking Infant by Titian shows a wife depicted in a negative attitude. The image depicts a Venetian noble woman unfairly accused by her husband of adultery a unforgivable sin to be committed by a woman, as they were expected to be pious and loyal.During the time women who committed adultery could be deprived of their dowries,10 and the disapproval of her community, thus depriving her of her means to survive socially and financially. According to Venetian law the offence could be punishable by death, the womans honour only being saved by her family, or kin, as it was their reputation that was effectively being tarnished by their association with the woman. Finally the child born of this situation was considered the lowest of all society, a mere bastard contaminating the lineage. According to the myth, St Anthony asks the child who his fath er is. By a miracle the child responds by pointingg out his father in the crowd thus saving his mother from a terrible fate. The scene could be seen as an attempt to put women in a better light, as she has been wrongly accused, supported by no one apart from her child. In reality she is a good and faithful wife, and should be loved and honoured by her husband accordingly. Visually we are made to sympathise with the woman, as her side of the story as a victim is portrayed to us first, as the painting is read from right to left.The woman is depicted with two other women, one retentiveness her own child so that she can directly be compared to the woman who is having her child taken away from her, making us more sympathetic to her case. Titian is effectively campaigning for the necessity of the mother in the family life, as the painting is ultimately in support of the accused wife. Women in Venice were an essential part in the running of the household and family life. Good wives were c elebrated for their virtues, which were specifically expressed in portraits and representations of domestic scenes.Veronese shows a wife being honoured for her contribution to the family name, whereas Titian shows a wife disgraced for not performing her familial duties. However in both cases the importance of the women in the nurture and domestic environment is demonstrated in both images. Masters of the household who had wives that would effectively add to the prestige of their family ranking and lineage honoured their wives through their portraiture, thus making eternal the contribution and importance they had to the family.